API RP 575 MCQ Practice

Any work on a tank that changes the physical dimensions or configuration, is called

A per API 653, the generic meaning for atmospheric pressure to describe tanks designed to withstand an internal pressure up to, but not exceeding _____________________

API 650 also provides for rules to design tanks for “higher internal pressure” up to

When referring to vertical tanks, the term “atmospheric pressure” usually means tanks designed to

API 620 uses the term “atmospheric pressure” to describe tanks designed to withstand an internal pressure not exceeding ______________________

As per API RP 575, all of the following options are concerned with the term atmospheric pressure except which one

Which of the following is not an authorized inspection agency OR which of the following that cannot provide inspection services of authorized tank inspectors:

Designated areas on tanks where periodic examinations are conducted to directly assess the condition of the tank is termed as

Additional material thickness available to allow for metal loss during the service life of the tank component is termed as

The total metal loss divided by the period of time over which the metal loss occurred is termed as

Any type of deterioration encountered in the refining and chemical process industry that can result in flaws or defects that can affect the integrity of tanks (e.g. corrosion, cracking, erosion, dents, and other mechanical, physical, or chemical impacts) is termed as

An imperfection whose type or size exceeds the applicable acceptance criteria and is therefore rejectable is termed as

A process by which an examiner or inspector investigates a component of the tank using NDE in accordance with approved NDE procedures (e.g. inspection of a CML, quality control of repair areas) is termed as

A methodology whereby flaws contained within a structure are assessed in order to determine the adequacy of the flawed structure for continued service without imminent failure is termed as

Corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly over the surface of the metal, as opposed to localized corrosion is termed as

A response or evidence resulting from the application of NDE that may be nonrelevant, flawed, or defective upon further analysis is termed as

A tank not in operation because of a process outage is still considered an

A legally constituted governmental administration that may adopt rules relating to tanks is referred to as

An electromagnetic scanning technology for tank bottoms also known as

The lowest thickness at which a tank component should operate, as determined by the parameters in the applicable tank design standard (such as API 650, API 653, etc.), the FFS principles in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, or other appropriate engineering analysis is referred to as

Minimum acceptable thickness or the lowest thickness at which a tank component should operate, as determined by the parameters in the applicable tank design standard such as

The legal entity having control of and/or responsibility for the operation and maintenance of an existing storage tank is termed as

The side of the tank that is in contact with the stored liquid is

Which of the following are the functions of release prevention barrier:

Work necessary to maintain or restore a tank to a condition suitable for safe operation.

Examples of repairs include:

The side of the tank bottom that is in contact with the ground

One or more persons or organizations acceptable to the owner-operator who are knowledgeable and experienced in the engineering disciplines associated with evaluating mechanical and material characteristics that affect the integrity and reliability of aboveground storage tanks is referred to as

Repairs made to storage tanks to restore sufficient integrity to continue safe operation until permanent repairs are conducted is termed as

Chemical substances that slowly release a corrosion-preventative compound into an enclosed airspace, effectively protecting exposed metal surfaces is referred to as

Guidelines for inspection of pressure vessels operating at pressures greater than 15 psi (103 kPa) gauge are covered in _______________

There are two types of tanks commonly found in industry:

Fixed-roof tanks can be constructed out of carbon steel, alloy steel, aluminum, or other metals. In addition to these materials, tanks can be constructed out of nonmetallic materials such as

Atmospheric tanks are generally welded but can also be

Storage tanks are provided with all of the following auxiliary equipment, except

Atmospheric storage tanks are designed to operate with internal gas and vapor spaces at pressures close to __________________

_________________ covers the selection, design, and construction of tank systems for refrigerated liquefied gas storage on land

________________ provides information pertaining to requirements for inspection, repair, alteration, and reconstruction of aboveground storage tanks

Atmospheric storage tanks in the petroleum industry are normally used for fluids having a true vapor pressure that is less than _______________

Vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature. Vapor pressure is the pressure on the surface of a confined liquid caused by the ____________ of that liquid.

All of the following are usually stored in atmospheric storage tanks except

The most common type of atmospheric storage tank is the

As per API RP 575, Fixed cone roof tanks may typically be up to _______________________ in diameter and ________________________ in height. (Although larger diameter tanks have been built)

Fixed cone roofs are normally supported by internal structural rafters, girders, and columns but can be fully self-supporting in smaller diameters __________________

Frangible joint in a AST is referred to

_________________allows emergency release of internal pressure, while avoiding shell uplift and potential failure of the bottom-to shell joint

The geodesic dome is of ________________ construction and is self-supported.

All of the following are true for a geodesic dome roof tank except

Tanks without a fixed roof are referred to as __________________

External floating roofs are designed in accordance with _______________________

A “domed external floating roof” is a type, designed as an external floating roof, except it is covered with a clear span aluminum dome roof and vented in accordance with __________________

Floating-roof sealing systems are used to seal the space between the _________________

With regard to Floating-roof Seals, when a floating roof has two such devices, one mounted above the other the lower seal is the ___________ seal and the upper seal is the _____________ seal

_______________ seals may be mechanical shoe, liquid mounted, or vapor mounted and _____________ seals are rim mounted above any type of primary sea

Primary seals may be mechanical

Secondary seals are _____________ above any type of primary seal

With regard to Floating-roof Seals, It is important to electrically bond the seal to ground with

A liquid-mounted rim seal is a resilient foam-filled or liquid-filled primary rim seal mounted in a position resulting in the bottom of the seal being normally ______________ with the stored liquid surface.

A vapor-mounted rim seal is a peripheral seal positioned such that it _________________ the surface of the stored liquid

The type of seal consists of a series of sheets (shoes) that are overlapped or joined together to form a ring and held against the tank wall by springs or other tensioning system, with a flexible vapor membrane attached between the shoe and the floating-roof outer rim is referred to as

Wiper seals are used as ___________________

Low-pressure storage tanks are those designed to operate with pressures in their gas or vapor spaces exceeding the ___________________ gauge permissible in API 650 but not exceeding the ________________ gauge maximum limitation of API 620

With regard to Low-pressure Storage Tanks, Venting requirements are covered in ____________

Low-pressure storage tanks are used for the storage of the more volatile fluids having a true vapor pressure exceeding the pressure limits of API 650 but not more than ___________________

All of the following are examples of liquids that should be stored in low-pressure storage tanks except

For pressures above about 5 psi gauge (34.5 kPa) gauge __________________tank types are commonly used

Tanks that have cylindrical shells and cone or dome roofs are typically used for pressures less than about _____________ gauge

The basic reasons for inspection are to determine the physical condition of the tank and to determine the _______________

One of the primary reasons to conduct periodic scheduled inspections is to identify deficiencies that could result in a process safety incident, such as loss of containment, which could lead to _______________________.

In general, regulatory agencies require the compliance with an industry standard or code or adherence to _________________ when performing any inspection and repair activities

The abbreviation "RAGAGEP" stands for

With regard to emission control, in the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) has issued _____________ rule that covers most petroleum storage facilities

As per API RP 575, currently the most widely recognized tank inspection standards in United States are ____________

Tanks are calibrated for inventory and record reference; this is done upon construction and at future intervals to coincide with API 653 out-of-service inspections. There may be need for more frequent calibration records to meet __________________

______________ is the prime cause for the deterioration of steel storage tanks and accessories

Locating and measuring the extent of corrosion is a major reason for storage tank inspection. If left unchecked, tank deterioration can progressively lead to failure, which may have adverse effects such as

External surfaces of the tank and auxiliary equipment will corrode more rapidly if they are not protected with coatings where surfaces are in contact with moisture or the ground. Extended contact with water is likely to cause localized corrosion. Such susceptible areas should be protected with

Recommendations for Design and Construction of Foundations for Aboveground Oil Storage Tanks given in

Undertank Leak Detection and Subgrade Protection containing some optional details for tank bottom leak detection and corrosion protection is given in

The foundation material used for forming a pad that is directly in contact with the steel bottom plates can contain materials that promote _______________

With regard to tank bottom, foundation material such as cinder is known to contain ______________compounds that become very corrosive in the presence of moisture

External corrosion also occurs when insulation absorbs ground or surface water by

The occurrence of internal corrosion in a storage tank depends on

Crude oil and petroleum product tanks are usually constructed of carbon steel. Internal corrosion of these tanks in the vapor space (i.e. above the liquid level) can be caused by

Crude oil and petroleum product tanks are usually constructed of carbon steel. Internal corrosion of these tanks in the areas in contact with the stored liquid corrosion is commonly caused by all of the following except

Microbial induced corrosion (MIC) does not directly corrode but induces the production of chemicals which facilitate electro-chemical corrosion. Use of dissimilar metals submerged within the electrolyte must be ________________

Issues of SCC can be of particular concern when the product is known to be corrosive to welds and other heat-affected zones. Which of the following are the products that can contribute to this condition when in contact with bare metal.

When storing biofuels and biofuel feedstocks, especially at elevated temperatures, the presence of _______________ at varying concentrations found not only in the product, but also in the vapor space, can lead to severe corrosion of the tank shell, roof structure and cone roof underside

The ______________ in BS&W can serve as an electrolyte to facilitate electro chemical corrosion on the top surface of the bottom.

Sludge from sulfur containing crude and other high sulfur service applications can become ____________________________ microbes will convert sulfur to hydrogen sulfide, which when exposed to water will produce sulfuric acid (a strong electrolyte) that will facilitate loss of exposed steel.

In some particularly corrosive services, it may be necessary to construct the tank with materials that are more compatible with the service environment, such as

______________________ of a tank can result in injuries to personnel and extensive damage to equipment in surrounding areas

Crack-like flaws can result from a number of causes including deficiencies in

The most likely points for crack-like flaws to occur are at all of the below locations except

Large or uneven amounts of settlement can cause nozzles with attached piping to become overstressed and possibly _________________________ with the normal operation of a floating roof.

Deterioration and failure of tank roof auxiliary equipment such as pressure/vacuum vents and flame arrestors can fail to operate for all of the following reasons except

For single-deck floating roofs (Internal Equipment), leakage of the tank contents onto the floating roof can submerge or sink the roof. What can cause enough rain water to accumulate on the roof to sink a pontoon-type floating roof.

Heating systems inspections (Internal Equipment), should take into consideration programs that address the specific types of equipment that are included such as which of the following

Shell attachments- Deterioration of auxiliary equipment—such as ladders, stairways, platforms, wind girders, and shell stiffeners—can occur from

Shell attachments- Mechanical equipment, such as mixers, swing line pontoons, piping and swing joints, diffusers, jet nozzles and other flow direction details, baffles, rakes, and agitators, can suffer from deterioration due to

An inspection plan is often developed and implemented for tanks within the scope of API 653 through the collaborative work of the

Developing Inspection Plans- An inspection plan is often developed and implemented for tanks within the scope of API 653 through the collaborative work of the inspector, engineer, corrosion specialist, and operations personnel. An inspection plan should contain

All of the following are the options to be considered while developing an inspection plans for tanks within the scope of API 653, except which one

With regard to Incorporating Operations Information in Inspection Plans- Ongoing communication with operating personnel when process changes or upsets occur that could affect damage mechanisms and rates are critical to keeping an inspection plan updated. Other common issues in an inspection plan include the following:

Inspection Planning and Reports-Prior to conducting internal or external inspection, the inspector should thoroughly ________________ any available inspection records to become familiar with previous problems and recommendations noted

API 653 provides criteria for condition-based inspection and scheduling of tanks utilizing internal and external visual inspection results and data from various NDE techniques. API 653 also recognizes the use of alternative inspection methodologies. For example

Inspection Methodologies- Robotic inspection is one possible approach to perform an assessment of the tank bottom and other internal components without

Inspection Methodologies- Unmanned aerial vehicles or drones can be utilized for better access to internal roof rafters, thereby eliminating the need for

There are several different leak detection technologies or approaches, such as all of the following except:

Inspection plans based upon an assessment of the risk associated with a tank failure (by determining the likelihood of failure and the consequence of failure) are referred to as

Identifying and evaluating potential damage mechanisms, current tank condition, and the effectiveness of the past inspections are important steps in assessing the likelihood of a tank failure is referred to as

Identifying and evaluating the product or process fluid(s) in the tank and the potential for injuries, loss of containment, environmental impacts, and unit loss of production are important aspects in assessing the consequences associated with a failure of tanks is referred to as

Any RBI assessment should be thoroughly documented in accordance with API __________, defining all the factors contributing to both the probability and consequence of a failure.

Any RBI assessment should be thoroughly documented in accordance with API 580, defining all the factors contributing to ______________(Note: POF: Probability of Failure & COF: Consequence of Failure)

After an RBI assessment is conducted, the results can be used to establish the inspection plan and better define the following:

Holes in tanks should be reviewed by __________________ and addressed immediately

After severe climatic events (e.g. high winds, high water, heavy rain, or lightning strikes), potentially affected components should be checked. These components include, but are not limited to, the following:

After seismic events that were significant enough to have impacted the integrity of the components of the tank, _____________ inspection should be performed

If leakage is detected during an in-service inspection, a ___________________________ should investigate to determine whether the leakage is caused by internal or external corrosion or some other condition that can be corrected while the tank remains in service.

If leakage is detected during an in-service inspection and cannot be corrected with the tank in service, then in this case what options we have

Opportunities for Inspections Coordinated with Operational Issues-When applicable, owner-operators should attempt to coordinate inspections while tanks are out of service for operational issues. This scheduling often requires which of the following

Condition-based Inspection Scheduling- Inspections scheduled and performed based on _____________ of a tank (and its components) are defined as condition-based inspections.

For uniform corrosion, a corrosion rate can be estimated by plotting

The minimum acceptable thickness should be determined based on API 653. Additional factors that need to be considered in order to determine an appropriate future corrosion allowance or to apply an additional safety factor include, but are not limited to which of the following

The _____________ should determine the minimum acceptable thicknesses for components that are not established in API 653

API 653 provides one means of performing minimum thickness calculations using allowable stress values and joint efficiencies as given therein to assess tanks that have been placed in service. In most cases, the new thickness includes some excess thickness. This excess thickness may be the result of

With regard to service stresses- bottom areas, away from the shell or annular ring, need to be only thick enough to be ____________ per API 653 at the next out-of-service inspection.

With regard to "Product Considerations"- If the shells/walls have corroded, it may be necessary

There is ___________________ in API 653 that existing structural members are required to be restored to API 650 as built standard or current applicable standard.

For structural members and parts, such as roof supports and platforms, normal accepted industry practice for structural design such as methods provided in the Steel Construction Manual issued by the _________________ can be used to calculate the allowable loads of members in the new condition

Similar Service Methodology for Establishing Tank Corrosion Rates- The internal inspection interval (i.e. operating interval) for atmospheric storage tanks, as defined in API 653 is governed by the

Similar service assessment guidelines are found in API 653 Annex __________

Similar service is recognized within industry as a means of scheduling internal inspection intervals in API 510, API 570, and API 653, which use _______________ as the basis for establishing inspection intervals.

Factors to consider for estimating tank bottom corrosion rates using similar service

With regard to Soil-side Corrosion which of the following are true

Similar service evaluation of soil-side corrosion rates is typically only useful for tanks located on a

Soil-side corrosion data may vary from negligible to very aggressive pitting with rates approaching _____________

The best source of soil-side corrosion rates comes from the examination of _________________

Inspection shall follow work procedures and certification requirements of API 653. A typical summary of the manual internal inspection process include all of the following except

Before entering or re-entering any tank, appropriate safety steps are necessary. These precautions are discussed in detail in API 2015. Generally, such actions include, but are not limited to, the following

For relatively clean product services, water washing the tank internal surfaces may result in adequate cleanliness for inspection, but it may be necessary to _________________________internal surfaces and weld seams to achieve sufficient cleanliness for inspection

Drones are used for overhead inspection of roof structures to minimize hazards to personnel working from heights where there is often no access or difficult access above the floating roof. If there are any suspicion of roof structure issues, ______________ should be employed in lieu of making a tank entry with personnel

Internal inspections performed while the equipment is in operation using non destructive techniques, such as __________________________may reveal important information without requiring entry into the tank

Tank Inspection Tools- The use of remotely deployed tools continues to develop and progress. These tools include

Advantages of remotely deployed tools include all of the following except:

Stairways and other access details (vertical ladders) should be evaluated per OSHA regulations in __________________ or other applicable safety standards.

Owner-operators should consider changes in the walking-working surfaces requirements in determining whether to evaluate according to the as build standard or the current applicable standard in ______________________

Ladder and Stairway Inspection- Stairs may be required to have

Handrails should be ___________ to give an indication of their soundness.

If the surfaces are coated, corrosion may exist under the coating film. What following are the evidence of such corrosion.

Platform and Walkway Inspection- Drain holes can be ___________ in the area to prevent future accumulation of water.

Foundation Inspection- Wooden supports for small tanks, stairways, or other accessories can be checked for rot by

Anchor bolt nuts should be checked for a ____________ fit to the anchor chair top plate (i.e. there should be no distance between the location of the nut on the bolt and the anchor chair top plate)

Grounding Connection Inspection- The total resistance from tank to earth should not exceed approximately ___________

Grounding Connection Inspection- _____________ provides information concerning the grounding of tanks to prevent ignition from static electricity, lightning strikes, or stray electrical currents

The condition of the protective coating on a tank should be adequately established during inspection. Which of the following are all types of common coating failure.

With regard to inspection for corrosion under insulation and the condition of the insulation, which NDE should be used to identify CUI spots

CUI is "Most Aggressive" in temperature ranges between ____________, in accordance with API 583, but can occur in temperature ranges between 10 °F to 350 °F

In obtaining shell thickness, special attention should be given to the upper ___________ inch of uncoated shells of floating-roof tanks as these portions of the shell plates can corrode at a higher rate than the lower shell plates because of constant exposure to the atmosphere on both sides.

It is typical to set up CMLs on the top, middle, and bottom of a given plate in easy-to access locations, such as near

Which equipment when properly calibrated, allow direct metal thickness readings to be taken through thin-film coatings

The UT examiner does not need to be an API 653 inspector or an employee of the owner-operator but should be trained and competent in the applicable procedures, which meet the requirements specified in ___________

The UT examiner may be required to hold other certifications as necessary to satisfy owner-operator requirements. Examples of other certification that may be required include

The UT examiner’s employer should maintain certification records of the examiners employed, including dates and results of personnel qualifications, and should make them available to the

The outside stiffeners and wind girders of a tank can be inspected for integrity visually and by _____________ or other testing methods

With regard to Stiffeners and Wind Girders- If the magnetic particle method is used for detecting cracks while the tank is in service, ______________ should not be used because of the danger of sparks.

If caustic or amine solutions are stored in a tank and a corrosion specialist believes that the storage conditions may warrant an examination, the tank should be checked for evidence of damage from ________________

With regard to caustic cracking- The most probable place for this to occur is around connections for __________________________. This type of deterioration is manifested by cracks that start on the inside of the tank and progress through to the outside. If this condition exists, the caustic material seeping through the cracks will deposit readily visible salts (usually white)

API ________ provides guidelines for identification, mitigation, and prevention of ethanol stress corrosion cracking (SCC)

Internal inspections on tanks that have been exposed to ethanol, regardless of the duration, should be tested in accordance with API 571. This includes wet fluorescent magnetic particle testing (WFMT) of all of the following areas except ?

Internal inspections on tanks that have been exposed to ethanol, regardless of the duration, should be tested in accordance with API 571. This includes wet fluorescent magnetic particle testing (WFMT) that requires surfaces to be cleaned to a near-white metal finish. The area extending ________ inch into the base metal on either side of the weld shall be prepared and WFMT inspected.

Hydrogen Blisters are found most easily by visual examination and by feel. Visual examination should be aided by use of hand-held lighting of sufficient candlepower of at least___________ lumens under low ambient lighting conditions, holding the flashlight against the shell so the light beam shines parallel to the shell surface.

The weep hole should not be __________________.

Leaks are often marked by a _______________ in the area below the leaks.

Deformation in tank can be caused by which of the following reasons?

The roof or top head of a tank can be inspected for significant thinning by ________ or ________ scanning (if the roof condition is thought to have enough strength to withstand the weight of the equipment).

On a fixed roof, planks long enough to span at least _________ roof rafters should be laid and used as walkways or chain link fence may be used if thin spots are suspected, at least until the safety of the roof is determined.

Inspection of internal floating roofs while in service should be

Drainage systems on floating roofs should be inspected frequently for

Proper operation of check valves in drainage sumps should be verified on a ____________________ especially for those in fouling or corrosive service.

The inspector should be aware of the ______________ that can occur when measuring thin material using a single element transducer.

In order to prevent doubling effect that can occur when measuring thin material using a single element transducer which measurement equipment with an echo-to-echo mode can provide accurate thickness through thin-film coatings and should be used wherever possible ?

When external piping inspection of buried tank piping is specified, the soil around the pipe should be dug away for ____________ to allow for inspection, as soil corrosion may be especially severe at such points.

Pressure/vacuum vents and breather valves should be inspected to see that they are not plugged, that the seat and seal are tight, and that all moving parts are free and not significantly worn or corroded. Thickness measurements should be taken where deterioration is located. For this which among the following are common problems.

Which of the following are common problems associated with flame arrestor?

A tank bottom can be inspected externally through

Lifting or tunneling methods may be used when justified by other considerations, such as

Inspection of a tank by lifting may necessitate ____________ that would be unnecessary with other methods.

Tanks that have been physically moved, jacked, or lifted should be either

With regard to roof rafters coupons approximately ________________ in size can also be removed from the roof to check for underside corrosion and rafter condition.

Which of the following can be considered best alternative & cost efficient for inspection of roof structures and roof underside.

All of the following are true with regard to floating roof tank -anti rotation devices, except which one?

Roof drains on floating-roof tanks can be designed in multiple ways such as

Inspectors should also be alert to accumulation of dry pyrophoric material (self-igniting when exposed to ambient conditions) during inspection. These accumulations may occur on the tank bottom, in the seal rim space areas in internal floating roof, or on the top of rafters. Such accumulations that cannot be cleaned out prior to inspection should be kept _________________ to reduce the potential for ignition

API ____________gives more information on controlling pyrophoric deposits.

Floating-roof tanks should be examined for loose or broken seal hangers and shoe bolt heads that can cause _________________

All of the following are true with regard to inspection of tank bottom except which one?

Statistical methods are also available for assessing the probable minimum remaining metal thickness of the tank bottom, and the methods are based on a sampling of thickness scanning data. The number of measurements taken for a statistical sampling will depend on the size of the tank and the degree of soil side corrosion found. Typically, ______________ of the bottom should be scanned randomly

The abrasive blasting typically removes no more than _____________ of sound steel, any holes created or holes opened up are areas that already lack sufficient integrity for FFS.

Seams of riveted tanks can be checked by running __________________ along the riveted seam.

_______________ can be utilized to give a more accurate picture of the soil-side condition of areas of the tank bottom plates.

The area of highest stress in flat bottom tanks is commonly at the __________

With regard to testing of a shell plate joints for a leak, the liquid penetrant method used for finding cracks can also be used in much the same manner as hydrotest, with the penetrant applied to one side of the plate and the developer applied to the other side. For either method, approximately ______________ may be required for leaks to become evident.

The most important considerations to ensure that the lining is in good condition are that it is in proper position and does not have holes or cracks. With alloy steel or more rigid metal linings, such as _________________, inspections should be made for leaks or cracks in the lining joints

All of the following are true with regard to linings except which one?

Concrete linings are difficult to inspect adequately, primarily because the surface is____________

Glass-lined tanks commonly contain materials that are ______________ than can be stored in unlined or internally coated tanks

With regard to internal equipment, coils and supports should be checked for corrosion, deformation, misalignment, and cracking. Except for cast iron parts, the coils and supports should be _________________

With regard to internal equipment, wet steam coils should be inspected for condensation grooving in the bottom of the piping coil using _____________________

Which of the following is correct/true with regard to swing lines?

Nozzle thickness can be calculated by measuring

The drain lines, including the joints, can also be tested for tightness by pressure testing with water, if designed for internal pressure. It has been found that a two-stage hydro-pneumatic test procedure is desirable. Drainpipe and hose systems of primary drains shall be tested with water at a pressure of ___________

With regard to hydrostatic test, if the repairs have not restored the tank to an equivalent full-height operating condition, the water height for the test should be _________ in accordance with the lower-strength conditions revealed during a re-evaluation of stored product height limitations.

If water is not available and if the roof of the tank is reasonably air tight or can be made so, a carefully controlled air test using air pressure not exceeding ____________inch of water pressure may be applied.

Tanks that have impermeable foundations (reinforced concrete), under-tank liners, or tanks constructed with double bottoms provide an inherent leak detection system that directs leaks to the perimeter of the tank where they can be visually detected in accordance with the leak detection provisions of API 650—Annex I. These systems are collectively referred to as ___________

Visual inspection may be direct type when the surface is readily accessible to place the eye within ________inch of the surface and at an angle of not less than ________ degrees

The minimum illumination for visual examination is ___________ foot-candles for general viewing and __________ foot-candles for viewing of small anomalies.

For evaluation of bottom by Bubble Test Examination—Vacuum. A vacuum is developed inside the box by means of a vacuum pump or air ejector connected to the box through a hose. Leaks will appear as bubbles when looking through the glass top of the vacuum box. The method requires a minimum vertical clearance of _____________between the bottom and any obstruction for placement of device and accessibility to viewing the local area being examined.

For evaluation of bottom by detectable gas- is the injection of ____________ with a tracer element under the tank.

For acoustic emission testing of tank bottom or shell, __________ is defined as any sound, continuous and/or intermittent, that is not a signal.

The type of sensor used in acoustic emission testing is an ________________, which converts sound energy into measurable electrical output.

When parts or riveted seams are sealed by welding, the rivets and seams should be caulked for at least _________inch in all directions from the welding.

A perimeter layer of clean sand fill, metal grating, or a concrete pad should be installed under and at least _________inch beyond the projection of the new bottom so that the shell is supported on the foundation through the new bottom

Leaks in cone roofs can be repaired by non-metallic (carbon fiber materials) or by soft patches that do not involve

Soft patches on cone tank roof can be made from a variety of materials, including all of the following except

Soil foundations that have washed out or settled under the bottoms of atmospheric storage tanks can be repaired by , or

Which of the following are true/correct with regard to wooden tanks?

Concrete tanks can be attacked by the tank contents, _______________________resulting in exposure of the steel reinforcement to further atmospheric corrosion

For Non-steel Metal Tanks, external SCC of stainless steel tanks should be a concern if __________ in insulation get wet and attack the stainless steel

Aluminum can be affected by impurities such as ____________ compounds in process streams or wastewater